Eveything You Should Know About The Phosphatidylserine (PS)
Phosphatidylserine Introduction
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is the major acidic phospholipid class that accounts for 13–15 % of the phospholipids in the human cerebral cortex. In the plasma membrane, PS is localized exclusively in the cytoplasmic leaflet where it forms part of protein docking sites necessary for the activation of several key signaling pathways. These include the Akt, protein kinase C (PKC) and Raf-1 signaling that is known to stimulate neuronal survival, neurite growth, and synaptogenesis. Modulation of the PS level in the plasma membrane of neurons has a significant impact on these signaling processes.
Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid -- more specifically a glycerophospholipid —which consists of two fatty acids attached in ester linkage to the first and second carbon of glycerol and serine attached through a phosphodiester linkage to the third carbon of the glycerol.
Phosphatidylserine sourced from plants differs in fatty acid composition from that sourced from animals.
Phosphatidylserine Biosynthesis
Phosphatidylserine is biosynthesized in bacteria by condensing the amino acid serine with CDP (cytidine diphosphate)-activated phosphatidic acid. In mammals, phosphatidylserine is produced by base-exchange reactions with phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine. Conversely, phosphatidylserine can also give rise to phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine, although in animals the pathway to generate phosphatidylcholine from phosphatidylserine only operates in the liver.
Why Phosphatidylserine Is Rare In The Modern Diet?
Most of us get our first serving of phosphatidylserine when we are infants, since it’s a natural component of human breast milk. Unfortunately, the average modern diet now contains only a third of the phosphatidylserine of 100 years ago.
Phosphatidylserine is found in many foods, but mostly in animal foods few of us eat with the top sources being cow brains, Atlantic mackerel, chicken hearts, eel, and offal.
There are only two common foods with appreciable amounts of phosphatidylserine — tuna and white beans which contain 194 mg and 107 mg per 3.5 ounce serving respectively.
The average diet contains 130 mg of phosphatidylserine, but the therapeutic dosage is considered to be 300 mg per day.
Unless you regularly eat phosphatidylserine-rich foods, you almost certainly could benefit from taking supplemental phosphatidylserine.
Phosphatidylserine Supplementation
Health claims
A panel of the European Food Safety Authority concluded that a cause and effect relationship cannot be established between the consumption of phosphatidylserine and “memory and cognitive functioning in the elderly”, “mental health/cognitive function” and “stress reduction and enhanced memory function”. This conclusion is due bovine brain cortex- and soy-based phosphatidylserine are different substances and might, therefore, have different biological activities. Therefore, the results of studies using phosphatidylserine from different sources cannot be generalized.
Cognition
In May, 2003 the Food and Drug Administration gave "qualified health claim" status to phosphatidylserine thus allowing labels to state "consumption of phosphatidylserine may reduce the risk of dementia and cognitive dysfunction in the elderly" along with the disclaimer "very limited and preliminary scientific research suggests that phosphatidylserine may reduce the risk of cognitive dysfunction in the elderly." According to the FDA, there is a lack of scientific agreement amongst qualified experts that a relationship exists between phosphatidylserine and cognitive function.
More recent reviews have suggested that the relationship may be more robust, though the mechanism remains unclear. A 2020 meta-analysis of relevant clinical trials found that phosphatidylserine is likely effective for enhancing cognitive function in older people with mild cognitive impairment. Some studies have suggested that whether the phosphatidylserine is plant- or animal-derived may have significance, with the FDA's statement applying specifically to soy-derived products.
Safety
Initially, phosphatidylserine supplements were derived from bovine cortex. However, due to the risk of potential transfer of infectious diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (or "mad cow disease"), soy-derived supplements became an alternative. A 2002 safety report determined supplementation in elder people at a dosage of 200 mg three times daily to be safe. Concerns about the safety of soy products persist, and some manufacturers of phosphatidylserine use sunflower lecithin instead of soy lecithin as a source of raw material production.
Phosphatidylserine Dosage and Preparation
A 2015 review article noted that 300 milligrams to 800 milligrams a day of phosphatidylserine are absorbed efficiently in humans, and according to the Natural Medicine Comprehensive Database, therapeutic doses for a failing memory is 100 milligrams taken two or three times per day.
You can boost your intake of phosphatidylserine though food—it's available in a number of foods, including soy (which is the main source), white beans, egg yolks, chicken liver, and beef liver. Unfortunately, it's difficult for your body to absorb sufficient amounts from dietary sources.
Where You Can Get Phosphatidylserine (PS)?
With people becoming more and more aware of the benefits of Phosphatidylserine (PS), the demand for Phosphatidylserine (PS) supplements has increased greatly in the market. This has led to manufacturing companies vying with each other to produce high-quality supplements to grab share in the market. If you are a health supplements manufacturer planning to foray into the Phosphatidylserine (PS) supplements market, you must ensure that you are getting the highest-quality Phosphatidylserine (PS) powder. Sourcing good-quality material is the first step in ensuring the success of any business.
If you are looking for a place to buy Phosphatidylserine (PS) powder in bulk, the one company you can blindly trust for sourcing raw material is Cofttek. The company, owing to its strong research team and dedicated sales department, has established a worldwide presence in only a short amount of time — it has clients and partners around the world. The Phosphatidylserine (PS) produced by the company comes in big batches of 25 kgs and is sourced from highest-quality ingredients, thereby ensuring that the supplements produced from it can be trusted for quality and efficacy. If you want to buy Phosphatidylserine (PS) in bulk, the only place to shop is cofttek.com.
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Poddar, Jit; Pradhan, Munmun; Ganguly, Gargi; Chakrabarti, Sasanka (2019). "Biochemical deficits and cognitive decline in brain aging: Intervention by dietary supplements". Journal of Chemical Neuroanatomy. 95: 70–80. doi:10.1016/j.jchemneu.2018.04.002. ISSN 0891-0618. PMID 29678666. S2CID 5014367.
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